Ilorin Journal of Business Education

Perceived Influence Of Contributory Pension Scheme On Entrepreneurial Prospects Of Business Educators In Nigeria

Mamman Joshua .S. — 2024-02-29

The study was conducted to determine the influence of contributory pension scheme on entrepreneurial prospects of business educators in colleges of education in the south-west, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were raised. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The population of the study consisted of all business educators who are academic staff in all the colleges of education in the south-west, Nigeria. The instrument used in the study was a fourrating scale questionnaire known as Contributory Pension Scheme Questionnaire (CONPESNIQ). Split-half method was used for reliability correlation and the coefficient was 0.88. Research questions were answered with the use of descriptive statistical tool of frequent count, mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested with inferential statistical tool of t-test. The result of the analysis showed that contributory pension scheme had significant influence on business educators' entrepreneurship prospects and that major problem confronting effective implementation of contributory pension scheme in south-west, Nigeria is lack of consequential adjustment. The study recommended among others, that for contributory pension scheme to play its entrepreneurial role, employers of labour should ensure that their mandatory 10% contribution is correctly computed and remitted to business educators' pension administrators as at when due so that funds can be made available for retired business educators for entrepreneurial and economic activities and that The pension reform act of 2014 must be constantly reviewed so that the flaws in the act can be corrected for the benefits of retired business educators and other retirees.

Quality Assurance And Business Education Programme In Public Universities In Kwara State, Nigeria.

Oladimeji Mansur Zubair — 2024-02-29

This study investigated quality assurance on business education programme in public universities in Kwara State. The study had three objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The population for the study comprised 229 business education final year undergraduate students. The whole population was used as sample. The instrument titled Quality Assurance of Business Education Programme (QABEP) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by two experts. The instrument reliability coefficient was 0.77. Data were collected from the universities with the support of two guided research assistant. Descriptive statistics of (mean and standard deviation) was used to answer the research questions, while t-test analysis was used to tests the hypotheses. The findings of study revealed that, there is no significant difference in the quality of lecturers teaching Business Education programme in the public universities in Kwara State t-value (1.37) and the yielded p-value (0.064). There is no significant in the quality of instructional resources for teaching Business Education programme in the public university in Kwara State t-value (1.22) and the yielded p-value (0.066) .There is no significant in the quality of students' admission process for business education programme in the public university in Kwara State t-value (1.38) and the yielded p-value (0.072). Hence, all null hypotheses formulated were accepted. Based on the findings, it was concluded that there is no significant difference in business education programme in public universities in Kwara State. It was therefore recommended, among others, that the managements of public universities in Kwara State should continue to ensure that qualified lecturers are employed to teach business education courses in their institutions so as achieved its stated objectives.

Stakeholders’ Perception of the Strategies of Implementing Computer-based Examination in Business Education Programmes in North-central, Nigeria

Lawrence Femi Ademiluyi, — 2024-02-29

This paper examines stakeholder perception of the strategies of implementing computer-based assessment in Business Education Programmmes in North Central. The objective of this paper was to assess strategies for implementing computer based examinations in Business Education programmmes in some College of Education. Questionnaire was used for the collection of data while frequency count and percentage was used to analyze the demographic data of the respondents, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data collected to answer the research questions, One-way ANOVA was used for the research hypotheses in order to investigate the occurrence of variations and different levels of measurable effect that exist among the variables. The findings show that stakeholders have positive perceptions of the strategies for implementing Computer-based Examinations in Business Education programmes in Colleges of Education. Recommendations are to provide adequate training and professional development opportunities for educators to ensure students are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to implement computer-based examinations effectively. This will mitigate challenges and enhance the overall success of the implementation process

Influence of Work Ethics on Effective Teaching of Business Education Courses in Colleges of Education in Nigeria

Atinuke Aluko Mrs. Kudirat — 2024-02-29

This study investigates the influence of work ethics on the effective teaching of business education courses in colleges of education located in North Central, Nigeria. It is a perception study. The study had two specific research purposes, research questions and hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Population of the study was 290 comprising of 258 lecturers, 16 HODs and 16 Deans. A sample of 179 respondents was selected for the study comprising 155 lecturers sampled using the Researcher Advisors, 12 HODs and 12 Deans. The instrument for data collection was a 13 item structured questionnaire tagged Work Ethics and Effective Teaching of Business Education Courses Questionnaire (WEETBECQ) with 4points rating scale. The instrument went through face and content validation by four experts. The reliability of the instrument was ensured using Cronbach Alpha method and the result yielded a reliability coefficient of 0. 93 Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data collected to answer the research questions. The hypotheses were tested using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings of the study identified work ethics in terms of punctuality to class, dedication to duty, on a high extent for effective teaching of business education courses in colleges of education in North Central, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that punctuality to class contributes to the effective teaching of business education courses. This is because punctuality to class indicates respect of others; helps establish strong work ethics and enhance productivity; credibility and professionalism. It was recommended among others that business educators should make punctuality to their classes a priority, because it develops in the student a sense of direction. This will promote business education to have wide acceptability by the students.

Perceived Influence of E- Marketing on Products Distribution and Profitability of Retail Firms in Lagos Nigeria

. Umoru Prof Titus A — 2024-02-29

The study examined the perceived influence of e-marketing on product distribution and profitability of retail firms.The study employed the descriptive survey design. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were tested using the independent t- test at 0.5 level of significance. The population of the study was 480 retail firms' customers, ten experienced and ten inexperienced retail firms' managers. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw10 key informants who were used as initial samples. This was used because the researcher is aware of the fact that the initial samples have adequate knowledge of the subject matter. This referral (snowball) sampling was used to generate additional 470 respondents bringing the final sample to 480 respondent (Customers) and 20 managers. The main instrument for data collection was a four point rating scale questionnaire with 18 items. The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the two research questions and determine the homogeneity or otherwise of the respondents while the independent t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that affiliate marketing influenced retails firms' product distribution and also increased their profitability level. It was concluded that the use of affiliate marketing will increase retail firms' brand awareness. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended among others that retail firms managers should extensively utilize affiliate marketing in their businesses to enable them effectively distribute their products to a wider market and attract customers all over the globe. It was also recommendation that retail firms' managers should fully engage the services of affiliates to market their products to enable them reduce cost of marketing and also to increase their sales turnover.

Effects of Employee Retention Strategies on Organisational Efficiency (A Case Study of Unity Bank, Wema Bank & Polaris Bank, Ede, Osun State)

Akeem Alagbe Bakare — 2024-02-29

In today's Business Organisations, employee retention strategies play a pivotal role in organisation efficiency. The efficiency of the organisation depends upon which of their human resource was utilized and managed. With nowadays competitive environment, organizations face the dilemma of retaining competent and resourceful workers. Therefore, this study examined the effects of employee retention strategies on organizational efficiency. The total population and sample size of the study consists of sixty-six (66) staff of the selected Banks which are Unity Bank, Wema Bank Plc and Polaris Bank Plc, Ede. Descriptive survey design was adopted while purposive sampling was employed and structured questionnaire were used to gathered facts from respondents. Hypotheses were tested using regression and correlation, coefficient test was used to analysed the data collected. The result of findings shows that adequate career planning has significant effect on organizational efficiency with coefficient of 2 determination (R ) for the structured model 0.511 indicating that 51% of the variance in stated independent variable with the production at 0.05 significant level. Also, there was a significant relationship between employee training and organizational effectiveness (r = .618). Furthermore, the study recommended that organisation management should encourage career development of their employees, good reward systems as well as job security for improvement of skills, knowledge and attitude needed by all staff of the organisation.

Reading Habits and Academic Performance of Business Education Students in University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Adedapo Adetiba Atolagbe — 2024-02-29

To ascertain the effectiveness of any level of education, the academic performance is the yardstick that is often used. However, the academic performance of students is nothing to write home about as recent lamentation by the employers of labour showed that the graduates are half-baked and often need further training to perform in their respective areas of functions. This situation may be attributed to undesirable reading habit displayed by some of the students while in school and if perhaps its improvement can assist in bringing about improvement in students' academic performance. This study thus examined reading habits and academic performance of business education students in University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design of correlational type was adopted for this study. Using Convenience sampling technique, 196 out of 454 Business Education students were selected for this study. The study found out that there is significance relationship between reading habit and students' academic performance; there is a significant relationship between peer group influence and reading habit and there is significant relationship between students' reading time and academic performance of business education students in University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that schools should always provide adequate reading facilities needed by students and orientation should be given to students on the important of selfawareness to ascertain the study time that is suitable for them.

Virtual Classroom System and Students’Academic Performance in University of Ilorin

Abdurahman Suyut Omosidi, — 2024-02-29

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between virtual classroom system and students' academic performance in University of Ilorin. Descriptive survey design of correlational type was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all the students in the Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State. A random sampling technique was adopted to select 180 respondents across the nine departments in the faculty. The main instruments used for the study were titled “Virtual Classroom System Questionnaire” (VCSQ) and “Students' Academic Performance Proforma” (SAPP). Three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study and inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was a positive relationship between virtual classroom system and students' academic performance in University of Ilorin. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that;as technology becomes more and more embedded in school system, students must be provided with relevant and contemporary knowledge that allow them to successfully engage with virtual system

Investigation of Colour of Goods As Determinant of Impulse Buying among Female Lecturers

Christian O Njoku — 2024-02-29

The study investigated the extent to which colour of goods stimulate impulse buying among lecturers. The study was a descriptive survey design and involved a population of 317 female lecturers drawn from six Universities in the North East Nigeria. No sample was drawn for the study as the entire population of 317 was surveyed. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire which was also face validated by three experts from the University of Nigeria Nsukka while one came from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi. The instrument was tested for reliability using the Cronbach Alpha formula and obtained a coefficient of 0.80. The research questions were answered using Mean while the Null hypotheses were tested using ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings were that colour of goods, constitute to a high extent, determinants of female lecturers' impulse buying. It was therefore recommended, among others, that retailers should utilize the findings of the study to develop better strategies to attract significant share of consumers' impulse purchases. It was also recommended that, while impulse buying should be accorded the status or recognized marketing concepts, consumers should be cautious in engaging in impulse buying to avoid unnecessary disorganization of family and individual planning and budgeting as well as business collapses.

Comparison of Entrepreneurship Competence Among Educational Management and Business Education Students’ in University of Ilorin

Oluwalola Dr. Felicia K. — 2024-02-29

Entrepreneurship training in tertiary institutions builds and develops students with the current skills required to grow the economy of a nation. The study was an assessment of entrepreneurship competence in terms of product design, product activation, and product marketing among educational management and business education students of the University of Ilorin. Descriptive statistics was adopted for the study. Three research questions were raised and answered, while one main hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population for the study comprised 860 students in both programmes, out of which 260 were sampled. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select the samples. The data for the study were collected using a structured, validated questionnaire tagged Comparison of Entrepreneurial Competence of Educational Management and Business Education Questionnaire (CECEMBEQ). The reliability of the instrument was determined with the use of Cronbach's alpha, and the result was 0.76. The returned questionnaires were analyzed electronically using inferential statistics. The major finding revealed that the competency of business education students' and educational management is the same due to the level of exposure to practicals. The study recommended, that both educational management students and business education students should engage more in practical skills to increase their competency in the practical aspect.

Utilization of E-learning Resources for Teaching and Learning Business Education Courses in South-West Universities, Nigeria

Moses Adejare Gbenga — 2024-02-29

E-learning, as a matter of fact, is fast becoming a popular business education instructional delivery method. This study assessed the utilization of e-learning resources for teaching and learning business education courses in South-West universities, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample size of the study comprised all 41 business education lecturers and 316 (2022/2023) academic session final year business education students in South-west Nigerian universities selected using simple random sampling techniques totaled 357 respondents. A 56-item structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection with a4-point rating scale. Cronbach's alpha method of reliability was used to determine the reliability of the instrument, and yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.87. Frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to analyze the data. The hypotheses were tested using an independentsamples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that majority of E-learning resources are aware andutilized to a moderate extent for teaching and learning of business education courses. It was recommended, among others, that the government and stakeholders in education should make adequate budgetary allocation for the provision of elearning resources, and the identified barriers that stand against effective utilization of e-learning resources should be tackled and removed. It was concluded that business educators can understand how to effectively integrate e-learning resources into their teaching methods.

Effects of Engagement Learning Strategy on Academic Achievement of Business Education Students in Colleges of Education in Oyo State

Oludare Lawrence Adebowale, — 2024-02-29

The study utilized a quasi-experimental design, in which a group of 106 second-year business education students were used as intact classes. The primary tool for the study was the Student Academic Achievement Test in Entrepreneurship (SAATE). The pre-test was given to both the experimental and control group, after which the experimental group received engagement learning strategy treatment for six weeks. At the end of the treatment period, a post test was administered to both groups to determine the difference in their academic achievements. The results of data analysis showed that engagement learning strategy is more effective than the conventional (lecture) method, in teaching business education students in colleges of education (f=359.330, df=1,102, p=(0.000)<0.05).Results also showed that there is no significant effect of gender on academic performance in both the control group and the experiment group (f=0.3966, df=1,102, p= (0.049)>0.05). Based on the effectiveness of engagement learning strategy as found out in this study, it is recommended among others that, engagement learning strategy should be adopted as an effective learning strategy in order to improve students' academic achievement. Its usage will encourage the students to participate in the learning activities effectively and enhance learning.

Scaling-up Interventions Forentrepreneurship In Nigeria: A Panacea For Robusteconomic Growth

Agbogo Regina Ekanem Effiong — 2024-02-29

Nigeria, after sixty-three years of political independence, is regrettably still grappling to find solutions to her socio-economic under-development. A lot of factors have been adjudged as being responsible, chief among them is the lack of robust entrepreneurship development programmes in the country. As the saying goes that no country's education system can rise above the level of the teachers, similarly, no nation can develop socio-economically above the level of the entrepreneurial behaviour of her citizens and their institutions' effectiveness. Undoubtedly, entrepreneurship holds the key to the development and growth of Nigeria's economy, moreso, as the nation is witnessing a disturbing increasing population rate without a corresponding increase in her gross domestic product (GDP). Hence, this researcher believes that there is a very strong, need now than ever for government at all levels to scale up meaningful and sustained interventions in several areas, to increase the supply of entrepreneurs in Nigeria for a robust economic growth. The paper therefore, suggests among others, the establishment of Entrepreneurship Trust Fund (Entre-Fund), equivalent of Tetfund, for training, development and financial empowerment of serious Nigerian entrepreneurs engaged in industrial ventures along with clear entrepreneurship policy direction and relevant infrastructure to arouse entrepreneurship spirit among Nigerians.

Human Resources Management Education: The Challenging Impacts of Looking Glass Self And Pygmalion Effect

Nneji Bellarmine — 2024-02-29

The success of every workforce depends to a large extent on the quality of the human resources available. This quality of the workforce depends on the level of flourishing or 'good-spirted' experience of the workforce. Workers need always to be in 'good spirit' in order to put their optimal. Many things bring about the flourishing of workers which make them put in their best for the success of the organisation. One of such ways is not to downplay the esteem and ego of individual workers. Low self esteem affects the quality of productivity. Managers should be conscious of actions that downplay the self esteem of their workers. This piece is an effort to enlighten those responsible for various workforces to be wary of what is known as the 'looking glass self ' and the 'Pygmalion effect' and their impacts on the self esteem and productivity of their workers. Many managers may be advertently or inadvertently acting in ways that promote these two variables in their organisations. It advised on how to guard against these for the sake of a happy and productive workforce.

Strategic Funding As A Panacea For Promoting Skill Acquisition In Business Education In The New Normal

C.O Njoku, — 2024-02-29

Strategic funding should be considered as a panacea for promoting skill acquisition in Business education in the new normal. Business education remains key to the economic survival of any nation in lieu of the dwindling economic down turn. The new normal in our educational system has led to an increase in the use of digital tools for research, teaching, assessing and learning in higher institutions in the wake of the COVID 19 pandemic. Skill acquisition in higher institutions requires putting in place necessary facilities that will allow for easy training of our students. However, funding to provide for the necessary tools/facilities remains a huge challenge. In this exposition, the concept of business education, skills acquisition, new normal and strategic funding werex-rayed. It also pointed out the various skills acquired in Business education, importance of funding skills acquisition in business education, sources of funding and strategies for funding in the new normal. Suggested strategies included the use of social media platforms, strategic venture investment, host-proprietor-university-funding model amongst others. It was concluded that funding skill acquisition is central to achieving the objectives of Business education and funding strategies must be intentionally looked into. It was however, recommended among others that organizing periodic workshops and seminars to create awareness and explore potential strategies infunding Business education, conferences and workshops should be organized periodically to explore potential strategies that can be used in funding skill acquisitions in our higher institutions.

Organizational Conflict And Innovation As Strategy For Employee Performance

Ogwuche Gabrie Shaibu, — 2024-02-29

The research examined organizational conflict and innovation as strategy for employee performance. The aim of the study was to examine the concept of conflict, dimensions of conflict, types of organisational conflict, causes of organizational conflict, sources of organizational conflict, stages of organizational conflict, role of organizational conflict, strategies for managing organizational conflict and effect of conflict on employees' performance. The study further revealed that organizational conflict could arise from poor management, communication gap, competition over limited resources, misunderstanding among employees and employer arid that certain types of conflicts, which may have negative effect on individual and group performance may have to be reduced. It also revealed that when conflict is properly managed, the positive effect can be used to encourage organizational innovativeness and build cooperation among the employees. It was recommended by the researchers among others that organizations or enterprises should adopt negotiation/dialogue as a major means of resolving conflicts because it involves both parties coming face to face with each other in order to find solution to confronting issues, management at all levels must ensure that they expand their human resource base in order to have proper control of the working environment that will lead to high productivity and workers' high level of human relations which will in turn reduce conflict and communication is key for the internal and overall functioning of any organization because it integrates the managerial functions.

Meeting the 21 Century Methods of Teaching and Learning of Business Education Subjects in Senior Secondary School System

David Seyi — 2024-02-29

Sensitisation of teachers, students, parents and other stakeholders is necessary for the attainment of the basic objectives of entrepreneurship education in senior secondary schools. It is in this premise that this study examine the best practices of learning and teaching entrepreneurship education for the achievement of objectives in senior secondary school systems. The introduction of entrepreneurship education to Nigerian senior secondary school was directed at cultivating and developing in learners the skills and attitudes to function as relevant citizens of their society. The paper noted that the teaching of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria is yet to achieve the purpose of which the subject was introduced. Among the objectives of entrepreneurship education is to imbibe into the learners the entrepreneurial skills to be self-employed. Curriculum experts have certain roles to play in integrating standard into curriculum by developing a curriculum framework. Onus of implementing entrepreneurship education curriculum lies in the efforts and determination of qualified teachers, these categories of teachers are those who has chosen and are convinced that teaching is their calling, and are ready to serve their country in that capacity. The type of teaching expected from these teachers should help the students emerge with an understanding that it is better to be job provider than to a job seeker. This is to say that learning experience must allow the students to practically demonstrate what creativity and innovativeness has taught them in any situation

Qualitative Technology Education: A Gate Way for Sustainable National Development

Christian O. Njoku — 2024-02-29

The philosophy of any educational programme generally expresses the general believe, attitudes, feelings, norms and ideals underlining the establishment of the programme. Hence the introduction of 6-3-3-4 system of education to address the problem. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to highlight the importance of quality, standards and performances in technology education and examine the extent to which technology education has embraced quality, standard and performances which, of course will lead to qualitative technology education and sustainable national development. This implies that such educational process should continuously be updated in line with current realities in technological development; to be able to achieve the six-point attributes which technology education for national development possesses. In the field of Office Technology and Management (OTM) for instance, the training given to OTM students does not seem to reflect the wave of digital technology changes, and these have created disparity between what is imparted to OTM students in terms of abilities, competencies and capabilities, vis-àvis the need of industries and other technologically advanced work places. This paper therefore stressed the need to inculcate quality Office Technology and Management (OTM) training programme in the graduates for sustainable national development.

Causes of Marital Infidelity among Married Residents of Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

Ologele Ibrahim — 2024-02-29

This study investigates the causes of marital infidelity among married residents in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State. A descriptive research design of the survey type was used for this study. The population for the study comprises all married residents in Ilorin metropolis. A multistage sampling technique was used to select three hundred and eighty-three (383) respondents who participated in the study. A researcherdesigned structured questionnaire validated by three experts in the Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education, University of Ilorin. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained through the test re-test method. A reliability coefficient of 0.74 was obtained. The three postulated hypotheses were tested using the parametric statistics of t-test, mean and standard deviation at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of this study showed that childlessness, lack of sexual satisfaction and distance between spouses were responsible for the marital infidelity in the study area. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that childlessness, lack of sexual satisfaction between spouses and distance between spouses were among the causes of marital infidelity among married residents in Ilorin metropolis. It was recommended that married residents should be informed that procreation is not the basis of marriage, the married partner should be able to adjust to the sexual demands of each other and spouses should not be far from each other, they should keep a close distance from each other

Effects of Audio-Visual Usage on Upper Basic School Students' Performance in Christian Religious Studies in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria

Oludare David Ojo, — 2024-02-29

This study examined the effects of audio visual materials on the performance of Upper Basic Secondary School Students' in Christian Religious Studies in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research method. All the upper basic secondary school students in FCT Abuja formed the population of the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select two schools to participate in the study. The two selected schools were designated as experimental and control group through balloting. A total of 65 students formed the sample for the study. A validated Christian Religious Studies Achievement Test achievement test instrument was developed by the researchers, validated by experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.76 was administered. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics and the two hypotheses were tested using independent sample t-test statistic. The results from the study revealed that the treatment was effective in improving the students' academic performance. It was also found that, there was a significance difference between the academic performance of the students in the experimental and control group. This study concludes that students’ poor academic performance in CRS could be as a result of poor or inadequate utilization of audio visual materials. Therefore, the study recommends that school management should make audio visual materials available for effective delivery of instruction. Also, school authorities should encourage teachers to make efficient use of audio visual materials during the instructional process.

Functional Office Technology and Management Programme and Security st Challenges in the 21 Century World of Work in Ekiti State

Ronke Temitope Dada — 2024-02-29

The study investigated functional office technology and management programme st and security challenges in 21 century world of work in Ekiti State. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Three research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study. The population of the study comprised 360 students from the selected four tertiary institutions in Ekiti State. Purposive sampling techniques was adopted to select 186 respondents from the final year students drawn from the four tertiary institutions in Ekiti State using Krejccie and Morgan table. The instrument used for data collection was a 20item questionnaire. The instruments were validated by three experts. The instrument reliability was ensured using Cronbach Alpha formula which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.76. Data collected through the administration of questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation for the research questions. Pearson Product Moment correlation was used to test the formulated hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that, Office Technology and Management programme, if properly delivered can play a vital role in reducing youth restiveness and agitations. The findings also showed that requisite employability skills embedded in OTM programme that can create wealth for the teaming youths and thereby reducing security challenges in Nigeria. It was concluded that OTM lecturers should effectively inculcate digital skills to the OTM students for self-reliance. Thus, it is recommended amongst others that government and other relevant stake holders should improve the funding of OTM programme and empower its graduates to set up their businesses.

Assessment of the Effective Leadership Styles for the Administration or Management of Secondary School System in Kwara State

Sarafadeen Ayigoro Ibraheem, — 2024-02-29

This paper examined the conception of principals' leadership style as correlates of effective management of secondary education in Kwara State. Pragmatically, a principal in secondary school is seen as a leader that other staff member follows. Therefore, a secondary school principal is expected to exert a leadership style that is capable of building a shared sense of direction for the school and inspire school personnel to move in that direction. Further, the continuous search for appropriate leadership theory in education setting has evolved two predominant assertions; the connection between school leadership and teaching-learning process, and distribution of leadership practice among staff. Nevertheless, these assertions have emerged as what is commonly called distributed leadership and learning-centred leadership in several studies. Therefore, the theoretical assumption underpinning this paper is shared instructional leadership theory. Further, these conceptual frameworks were drawn upon and analysed explicatively from educational leadership and management theories and principles. However, emphasising the importance of principals' leadership practice in school system is not an absolute affirmation that leadership is all that matters in the school, but a factual claim that buttresses the conception that an effective educational leadership ensures optimal dedication and commitment of other stakeholders towards achieving the school's vision and missions. Conclusively, this paper complement the comprehension of the socially constructed and multi-faceted phenomena of shared instructional leadership as essential social practices that influence school effectiveness. Also, principals while applying shared instructional leadership practices should ensure adequate involvement of staff members in planning and decision making process.